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May 31, 2014

the advantages and disadvantages of land reclamation

 Feasibility and comparative study around the world 
Land reclamation is not always bad, and it primarily depends on its method  to reduce environmental impacts to ensure its sustainability in the future

What is beach reclamation?
Beach reclamation is the act of reclaiming a beach from erosion.  In other words sand is added to the area that was lost to erosion "reclaiming" the shoreline that once was.  Reclamation does not just occur on ocean beaches but any beach or shoreline that is subject to severe erosion.

How is it done?
Beach reclamation is often done through a process called dredging. Dredging is the process of scooping from the bottom of a water source a material. You may have heard of dredging when a person has drowned. Police dredge or take a device along the bottom of the body of water in an effort to locate the body of the victim.  However, in beach reclamation the material retrieved is sand.  The use of a vacuum-like device is often used in areas like lakes and rivers to obtain the sand.

Once the sand is obtained, it is deposited at the site. Sand is either directly applied or the sand that has been gathered is cleaned through a heat process and then deposited.  The sand extends the shoreline to its orginal borders or extends the beach farther into the body of water it is adjacent to.
Below is an example of dredging from the Dredge and Dock Company Site. They contract under the Army Corps of Engineers for beach replenishment.
Land reclamation will definitely increase land area for a certain country. With more land, more buildings and infrastructure can be built, and also for other reasons. 
 Singapore has fueled its great leap forward from post-war colonial outpost to 21st-century island city-state off the back of reclaimed land, and major projects there have included Marine Parade in the 1970s for new housing, and Changi airport.

Over the past 30 years, Singapore has expanded from 580 to 680 square kilometers. Today, in Chinatown, you’ll find Telok Ayer Street – in Malay, the name means ‘watery bay’ – which was originally built on the shoreline, with a temple to the sea goddess Ma Zu, who drew genuflecting sailors in search of safe passage. It now stands nearly 500 metres inland. By 2030, another 50 square kilometeter is set to be added, by which time Singapore will have expanded by a quarter from its original size, making it roughly the same size as New York City.

Beach reclamation projects, Reeve suggests, are like many great Victorian inventions: they can make you gasp in wonder while simultaneously feeling unsettled about the wider impacts. ‘Some of these projects really are quite awe-inspiring,’ says Fleming. ‘You look at the engineering and thought that goes behind them – you’re not just throwing a lump of soil at something and making it into a shape. Some of them are designed to be viewed from the air – they can be great spectacles.’
But according to critics of these projects, we’re quite right to feel unsettled by them. In particular, there are concerns about their potentially widespread environmental impacts.Many of Singapore’s original 60 offshore islands and reefs have been reclaimed, and coastal ecosystems reduced dramatically. Since 1986, most coral reefs in Singapore have lost up to 65 per cent of their live coral cover. Mangrove forest cover has been reduced from an estimated 13 per cent of the total land area in the 1820s to only 0.5 per cent today.

Are There Other Methods?
According to Holmberg Technologies, their method is the best. It promotes natural beach nourishment or reclamation. Their method is best described in the article from their site:
"Undercurrent Stabilizer Technology neutralizes the impacts dredged channels have on sandy beaches. This has proven to routinely reverse unnatural erosion. The technology consists of modular, hydro-dynamically shaped forms which are cast in place on the near shore seabed, generally at right angles to the shoreline. Problems normally associated with erosion control structures are avoided through tapered, low-relief shaping, special landward tie-backs and patented filter fabric foundations.
The low-profile, flow-through array (sometimes simply called "speed bumps") progressively baffles unnatural near shore turbulence, allowing sand to fall out of suspension in quieted waters within and adjacent to the treated area. Local shoaling progressively decreases remaining near shore turbulence (beyond decreases induced by the system itself). As the near shore progressively shallows out in response to the accretion template, less and less wave and current energy is supported to drive arriving sand from the treated area.
Upon treatment, unnatural erosion ceases and resedimentation begins, often with surprising speed. The accretion template itself is generally buried by rising sand levels as the near shore beach profile becomes inherently accretional. Adjacent shorelines benefit because an unbounded feeder beach is established. A long-term university study of numerous installations concludes: 'Consistent profile volume gain measured in the vicinity of the Undercurrent Stabilizer system (relative to a regional trend of profile volume loss) plus significant foreshore/backshore beach accretion with no apparent negative impact down drift must be viewed as success in almost any context'" (Holmberg Technologies 1999).
Graphics from the same site show how their product works in reestablishing beaches.  


 In Singapore, land reclamation is intense, and reclaimed land is everywhere. It is used to build Marina Bay, which is the location of Integrated Resorts, financial centers and the Singapore Flyer, a ferris wheel.The world-famous Changi Airport is also built on reclaimed land. One of the seaports is also located on reclaimed land. The entire "East Coast Park", which consists of a park, a man-made beach and housing, is also situated on Singapore's largest scale reclaimed land. Reclaimed land is also present on neighboring islands for housing, industry and many more purposes. 

Netherlands has also reclaimed a lot of land to prevent flooding. Netherlands is actually situated below water level, thus prone to flooding. These lands are called polders, where the land is also below water level. Almost 20% of its land is reclaimed land! As the saying goes, "God has created the world, but the Dutch created Netherlands".

Dubai reclaims both land and artificial islands. Examples are the Palm Islands, The World, The Universe and the island which Burj al-Arab is situated on. The Palm Islands are for beauty, as well as housing. The Palm Islands can be seen for space, and is definitely a spectacular view. The Palm Deira will be the largest man-made island when completed. This has definitely increased Dubai's land area, as well as its coastal perimeter. The Dubai Waterfront, situated beside Palm Jebel Ali, will be the largest waterfront and largest man-made development in the world.Artificial islands, as mentioned before, are also part of land reclamation. The Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan, and the Hong Kong International Airport are built on artificial islands off the coast of the main country. Artificial islands cost a bomb to build, and are very risky.Of course, there are also many other examples, such as the Tokyo Bay area and Rio de Janeiro.However, as there are advantages, there are also disadvantages too. Land reclamation can be damaging to corals and marine life. Corals are usually moved to another place when land is to be reclaimed.
 What are the advantages of waste land reclamation?
 The areas provide important facilities for the local communities. The Camley street national park takes in up to two school groups a day and teaches them about the wildlife. For some of these city kids, it is their first glimpse of real wildlife, as many of them don't have the connection with nature that more rural upbringings provide. This is also true for lots of adults, who may be stuck in the city for most of the year, and the only interaction with wildlife they have is at these small reserves. For day to day use, the areas are used for sitting to get some sunshine, for eating lunch, or even for the postman just to have a breather! The areas amaze people, having recovered wasteland in a way that seems impossible. Furthermore, the land  

Source : Making new land
Benefits of Beach Reclamation

Manfaat Reklamasi pantai 


Mendengar kata 'reklamasi', biasanya masyarakat mengidentikannya dengan pengrusakan lingkungan, seperti kerusakan ekosistem mangrove dan terumbu karang, erosi serta terkesan memarginalisasi masyarakat pesisir terutama nelayan. Kondisi demikian menyebabkan kegiatan reklamasi banyak ditentang oleh berbagai kalangan, seperti organisasi pencinta lingkungan atau organisasi masyarakat lainnya yang mengatasnamakan perlindungan lingkungan dan mayarakat.
Namun demikian, sebenarnya banyak manfaat yang dapat dipetik dari kegiatan reklamasi, khususnya bagi peningkatan manfaat sumber daya lahan yang pada akhirnya bermanfaat bagi perkembangan perekonomian daerah, peningkatan kesejahteraan, pengentasan kemiskinan dan pengangguran dan lainnya.
Salah satu contoh di mana reklamasi dapat memberi manfaat ekonomi adalah reklamasi Pantai Losari. Reklamasi menjadikan Pantai Losari lebih tertata. Kawasan tersebut kini dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana rekreasi menikmati keindahan pantai. Di kawasan itu, sekarang juga banyak bermunculan berbagai macam rumah makan dan toko. Tidak jarang lahan hasil reklamasi Pantai Losari juga disewakan sebagai arena kegiatan mulai dari pertunjukan musik, pameran, dan lain sebagainya. Masyarakat secara langsung mendapat manfaat ekonomi. Apalagi, pada saat tahap pembangunan reklamasinya juga memanfaatkan tenaga lokal masyarakat sekitar.
Semua ini sudah pasti mendorong perkembangan ekonomi daerah yang berdampak tidak hanya pada masyarakat di sekitar Pantai Losari tapi juga meluas hingga Kota Makassar. Selain memberi dampak ekonomi secara langsung, reklamasi Pantai Losari juga memberi dampak ekonomi tidak langsung. Kalau dahulu Pantai Losari rawan erosi, kini setelah direklamasi kondisinya relatif kuat. Memang tidak dapat dipungkiri, di berbagai tempat, reklamasi tidak dilaksanakan dengan baik dan benar sehingga merusak lingkungan. Reklamasi juga terkadang ditujukan untuk kepentingan ekonomi segelintir orang sehingga merugikan masyarakat pesisir.
Lestarikan Lingkungan
Sebagai pihak yang diberi tanggung jawab oleh negara untuk melindungi lingkungan dan masyarakatnya, pemerintah tidak menutup mata terhadap hal tersebut. Berbagai peraturan perundangan disusun untuk membentengi lingkungan dan masyarakat dari dampak negatif yang mungkin ditimbulkan oleh reklamasi. Undang-Undang No. 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil menyatakan bahwa reklamasi adalah kegiatan yang dilakukan orang dalam rangka meningkatkan manfaat sumber daya lahan ditinjau dari sudut lingkungan dan sosial ekonomi.
Masih menurut undang-undang tersebut, reklamasi juga harus menjamin keberlanjutan kehidupan dan penghidupan masyarakat serta menjaga keseimbangan antara kepentingan pemanfaatan dan kepentingan pelestarian fungsi lingkungan Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil. Keberlanjutan kehidupan dan penghidupan masyarakat seperti apa yang harus dijamin dan bagaimana menjaga keseimbangan antara kepentingan pemanfaatan dan kepentingan pelestarian fungsi lingkungan Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil secara lebih detil diatur dalam Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Republik Indonesia Nomor 122 Tahun 2012 tentang Reklamasi di Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil.
Dalam perpres tersebut dijelaskan bagi siapa pun yang melaksanakan reklamasi maka dia harus sanggup tetap menyediakan akses menuju pantai, dan mempertahankan mata pencarian masyarakat sebagai nelayan, pembudidaya ikan, dan usaha kelautan dan perikanan lainnya.
Selain itu pihak yang mereklamasi juga harus memberi kompensasi/ganti kerugian dan pemberdayaan kepada masyarakat yang terkena dampak. Apabila reklamasi terpaksa harus melakukan penggusuran maka wajib dilakukan relokasi permukiman.

Demi menjaga keseimbangan antara kepentingan pemanfaatan dan dalam rangka pemulihan atau perbaikan hutan, kepentingan pelestarian fungsi lingkungan Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, perpres tersebut juga mengatur persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi jika ingin melakukan reklamasi. Persyaratan paling mendasar adalah adanya kesesuaian dengan rencana tata ruang wilayah dan/atau rencana zonasi.
Izin reklamasi baru diperoleh setelah izin lingkungan dikeluarkan. Pihak yang akan mereklamasi juga wajib menyusun rencana induk dan rancangan detail. Persyaratan tentang perizinan dan pelaksanaan tentang keberlajutan kehidupan dan penghidupan masyarakat secara lebih detail nantinya akan dituangkan dalam peraturan menteri yang saat ini sedang disusun oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. UU No 27 tahun 2007 dan Perpres No 122 tahun 2012 tersebut menjadi payung hukum bagi siapa pun yang akan melaksanakan reklamasi di wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil.
Perpres ini hanya dikecualikan bagi reklamasi Daerah Lingkungan Kerja (DLKr), dan Daerah Lingkungan Kepentingan (DLKp) pelabuhan utama dan pelabuhan pengumpul serta di wilayah perairan terminal khusus. Seperti lokasi pertambangan minyak, gas bumi, dan panas bumi, serta kawasan hutan yang sedang dalam pemulihan.
Dengan adanya payung hukum tersebut semestinya reklamasi tidak lagi menjadi "momok" yang menakutkan masyarakat. Seharusnya reklamasi justru dapat member nilai positif bagi lingkungan maupun masyarakat. Karena, sejatinya selain bertujuan untuk kepentingan bisnis/ekonomi, reklamasi juga dapat berfungsi sebagai upaya rehabilitasi dan meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat.
Penulis adalah Direktur Pesisir dan Lautan, Ditjen Kelautan Pesisir
dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan.


Sumber: SUARAKARYA ONLINE.COM Tanggal 25 April 2013 HAL.1

Ketua LSM Gerakan Sosial Solidaritas (Gasos) Bali Lanang Sudira mengharapkan agar pemerintah konsisten melakukan reklamasi di seluruh pantai yang abrasi di wilayah Bali.

"Pemerintah harus konsisten melakukan reklamasi pantai yang mengalami abrasi, sehingga sarana pendukung sektor pariwisata tersebut tetap menjadi daya tarik wisatawan," ujar Lanang.

Lanang mengakui abrasi memang tidak bisa dihindari, karena bagian dari pengaruh alam akibat pemanasan global. Namun demikian, tindakan reklamasi harus dilakukan. "Pemanasan global akan mempengaruhi semua kehidupan yang ada di bumi, baik lingkungan maupun manusianya itu sendiri. Hal itu semua juga akibat prilaku manusia yang tidak menyadari lingkungan," jelasnya.

Dalam acara yang dipandu Gusti Ngurah Harta itu, Lanang berharap pemerintah pusat agar meningkatkan anggaran untuk reklamasi pantai-pantai di Bali. Mengingat dalam sektor pariwisata, pantai juga menjadi bagian pendukung pariwisata di Pulau Bali.

"Kami berharap pemerintah menganggarkan dana dalam reklamasi pantai yang saat ini mengalami abrasi. Sebab fungsi pantai tidak saja untuk wisatawan, tapi juga dimanfaatkan oleh para nelayan," pintanya.

Menanggapi hal itu, Kepala Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Provinsi Bali Nyoman Astawa Riadi menyatakan abrasi pantai di Pulau Dewata secara bertahap dilakukan reklamasi untuk mengembalikan lahan tersebut. "Berdasarkan data tahun 2009 abrasi pantai mencapai 181,7 kilometer. Namun sampai saat ini sudah ditangani mencapai 93,35 kilometer," ungkapnya.

Astawa Riadi mengaku penanganan abrasi tersebut dilakukan secara bertahap mengingat keterbatasan sumber dana. Oleh karena itu, maka dilakukan secara skala prioritas dalam upaya menekan terjadinya abrasi tersebut. "Kami melakukan secara skala prioritas untuk melakukan reklamasi Pantai di Bali. Hal tersebut berdasarkan kajian dan pertimbangan matang," tegas pria asal Kesian, Kabupaten Gianyar itu.

Astawa Riadi mengakui pada 2013 reklamasi pantai sebagian besar dilakukan di bagian wilayah selatan, karena kondisi pantai di daerah tersebut kerusakan bibir pantai tergolong cukup parah.


Manfaat reklamasi pantai

Nusa Penida di Tetapkan Sebagai Kawasan Konservasi Perairan

Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Sharif C. Sutardjo meresmikan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Taman Wisata Perairan Nusa Penida dalam rangkaian Festival Nusa Penida di Kabupaten Klungkung, Senin (9/6). Taman wisata perairan seluas 20.057 hektare itu memiliki terumbu karang seluas 149,05 hektare dengan 296 jenis karang dan 576 jenis ikan, dan merupakan bagian dari kawasan segitiga terumbu karang dunia.
Penetapan Nusa Penida sebagai kawasan konservasi perairan dilakukan untuk mendukung program nasional Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan menetapkan 20 juta hektare kawasan konservasi laut tahun 2020. Penetapan tersebut juga mendukung pencapaian pengelolaan efektif kawasan-kawasan sebagai mandat AICHI target The Conference of the Parties Convention on Biological Diversity (COP-CBD) ke-10 di Nagoya, Jepang.
Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Nusa Penida selain memiliki terumbu karang yang luas, juga mencakup lahan mangrove dan padang lamun. Kawasan itu juga merupakan habitat penting bagi berbagai macam binatang laut seperti parimanta, hiu, paus, lumba-lumba, dugong, penyu hijau, dan penyu sisik, dan ikan Mola-Mola (Sun Fish).
Pemerintah mendukung pemanfaatan kawasan konservasi untuk berbagai kegiatan seperti pusat penelitian, pelatihan, pendidikan lingkungan, bisnis, pariwisata, pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat, serta jasa lingkungan dengan tetap menjaga fungsinya sebagai daerah konservasi ikan. "Pola pengelolaan yang terpadu yang melibatkan multipihak melalui akses pendanaan yang berkelanjutan dari berbagai sumber dapat dilakukan di Kawasan konservasi Nusa Penida. Sehingga keanekaragaman yang ada di Kawasan ini dapat terjaga".
Direktur Jenderal Kelautan Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Sudirman Saad menjelaskan, kawasan konservasi perairan merupakan bentuk pengelolaan kawasan laut dengan sistem zonasi yang mencakup zona inti, zona perikanan berkelanjutan, zona pemanfaatan dan zona lainnya. "Sistem zonasi ini sangat terbuka untuk dimanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan baik untuk penelitian berbagai aspek, pendidikan generasi muda, aktivitas perikanan, pariwisata bahari dan kegiatan lainnya yang mendukung pengembangan ekonomi lokal berbasis konservasi".
Penetapan kawasan konservasi perairan dilakukan untuk menjaga ekosistem laut tetap lestari dan dapat dikelola secara berkelanjutan. Ia menjelaskan, ekosistem terumbu karang selain memiliki fungsi bagi biota laut, juga memiliki fungsi sebagai penyerap karbon, pemecah gelombang laut, penghasil ikan yang sangat berguna bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil secara khusus dan bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia secara umum. Sementara bagian dari ekosistem pesisir lainnya seperti padang lamun dan mangrove berfungsi sebagai perisai penangkal ancaman bencana pesisir seperti abrasi, tsunami serta menjadi bagian dari upaya dunia untuk mengatasi dampak perubahan iklim.


May 24, 2014

Kimye set to exchange vows at Forte di Beldevere, Florence, Italy

Kim Kardashian and Kanye West set to tie the nuptial knot at Forte Di Beldevere,Florence, Italy

Once and for all Kim Kardashian and Kanye West are married! Kanye introducing his guests to “my baby, Kim Kardashian West”.

And, Kardashian appeared gorgeously stunning in the lace Givenchy gown as she wed the man of her dreams at Florence’s 16th-century Forte di Belvedere, Italy
The couple said “I do” in a sunset ceremony before 200 friends and family members (and a six-meters wall of flowers) at the historic Forte Di Belvedere in Florence, Italy.

Kimye's wedding seems to be the most extravagant celebrity wedding in history.
Kim, Kanye, and their 600 guests all gathered at the 16th century Fort Belvedere in Florence, Italy after their lavish Palace of Versailles pre-wedding party on Friday night.


The couple rented the fort, located next to Florence's famed Boboli Gardens, for 300,000 euros ($410,000). A Protestant minister will preside, spokeswoman Elisa Di Lupo told The Associated Press in a phone interview. The 36-year-old rapper proposed to the reality star on her 33rd birthday in October 2013 renting out San Francisco's AT&T Park for the occasion. This is the first marriage for West, who was previously engaged to designer Alexis Phifer. It's the third trip down the aisle for Kardashian. She got married to the  music producer Damon Thomas from 2000 to 2003, and spent 72 days married to professional basketball player Kris Humphries in 2011 after tying the knot in a lavish ceremony that was broadcast as a two-part TV special. There has been no explicit confirmation from either Kardashian or West about the wedding. In an email Thursday to AP, Kardashian's representative Ina Treciokas said she wasn't able to comment on reports about the nuptials. But in an interview with Florence's La Nazione newspaper Friday, West extolled the beauty of Florence and spoke of the event. Asked if he was excited about May 24, he said, "Very excited. But very happy." He said he and Kardashian had come to Florence incognito and believed that their daughter, North, born in June 2013, was conceived "among the Renaissance masterpieces." "It was our first honeymoon," he said of that visit. "It's one of the most beautiful cities of the world, for me the most beautiful in Europe." The couple was featured on the cover of Vogue magazine's April issue, with Kardashian wearing a wedding-style dress. The couple had reportedly been planning a wedding ceremony May 24 in France. Di Lupo said the proceeds from the rental would go to fund restoration of many of Florence's artistic treasures.
On Friday, guests shared brunch and strolled with designer Valentino in the gardens of his 17th-century Chateau de Wideville west of Paris.
Then came an evening fit for the Sun King: A private tour of the nearby Chateau of Versailles. Crowds of fans mobbed West's car as it entered the grounds in a convoy of black vehicles, riding up the cobblestone toward the gilded entrance of the French royal domain.
 
  Giancarlo Giammetti posted this photo showing (from left) Kylie Jenner, Lana Del Rey, Kim Kardashian, Kourtney Kardashian, Kris Jenner, Khloe Kardashian and Kendall Jenner on Friday.
Kanye West surprised Kim Kardashian by having the musician Lana Del Rey, perform 3 songs during the rehearsal dinner. "It was all French stuff. Pretty much everything was truffled," TMZ reported, of the dinner. Fireworks — of course — followed.
Kanye and Kim plan to have another baby right after their wedding.. Kim and Kanye “think French chateaus are awesome.” Kimsaid the wedding dress is “perfect after the final fitting.” and cost over $2 million.. The high-end security at the wedding itself costs $3 million.
The total cost of the wedding is thought to be in the region of $7 million, enough to pay for 250 average weddings in the U.S., according to GoBankingRates.com, a financial information service. Much of the cost of the wedding could be recouped through promotional deals.

Giancarlo Giammetti/via Instagram Giancarlo Giammetti posted photos from Kim Kardashian and Kanye West's party the night before their wedding at Versailles' Hall of Mirrors where Lana del Rey performed  
Her groom, who surprised Kardashian with a performance by one of her favorite singers, Lana Del Rey, made a touching speech about his wife-to-be.

"He was telling everyone stories until Kim said, 'OK, let everyone drink and do their thing now,'" a source told Us.

"Kanye kept making the cutest remarks to her. He said, 'It's amazing to look around this room, there are so many talented people,'" the source continued.

"Then Kim said, 'And beautiful people.'" 'Yeah, but Kim's way more beautiful than I am talented,' West continued, it was so sweet — he said a couple adorable things like that. They seemed so happy."

The Kim Kardashian, Kanye West wedding festivities have taken flight as the Hollywood couple and their hundreds of guests have touched down in Italy for the highly anticipated ceremony.
The pair are set to say "I do" at Florence's Forte di Belvedere around 6 pm Saturday while their star-studded attendees look on.
Bruce Jenner and Scott Disick arrive by private jet to Florence Airport for Kim Kardashian and Kanye West wedding.
The décor for the lavish affair includes a spectacular wall of flowers, just like the Mother's Day present gifted to Kardashian by her future husband earlier this month, Us Weekly reported
"The blooms include white gardenias, white peonies and white roses from Paris and Belgium," a source told the mag.
After the couple officially exchange vows, guests will  reportedly sit together at a 70-metre-long marble banquet table looking over the skyline of Florence.
The twosome plunked down $420,000 to rent the restored Italian garrison, which was built by Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici in 1590.


Kardashian appeared gorgeously stunning as she wed the man of her dreams at Florence’s 16th-century Forte di Belvedere.

The couple said “I do” in a sunset ceremony before 200 friends and family members (and a six-meters wall of flowers) at the historic Forte Di Belvedere in Florence, Italy.

The 34-year-old bride put on a custom-made Givenchy gown, designed with the help of Riccardo Tisci.

Her daughter North also wore Givenchy by Riccardo Tisci and West looked dapper too, wearing a Givenchy by Riccardo Tisci tuxedo.

Tisci has been friendly with the Kardashian-Wests and also designed the floral gown Kardashian wore to the punk-themed Met Gala in 2013.

But don’t expect to see many pictures of the ceremony as the rights to the photos have been sewn up in a deal with a very hefty price tag. Grainy pictures on social media show Kim in a long-sleeved, white lace Givenchy gown. Radar Online also has an exclusive image .

Rick Wilkinson Jr. officiated the ceremony, which was nothing less than spectacular.

During the wedding, the couple, along with their guests, enjoyed a magical performance by Andrea Bocelli. The famed Italian tenor serenaded Kim and Kanye with several songs, including "Con te Partiro."



When Legend graced the stage at a piano, as he went into "All of Me," said, "I am so happy for Kim and Kanye, Kanye was was inspired by you, knew he was in love with you, knew you were the one...I know Kanye personally as person, as friend and as a mentor...I believe in you two and I also believe in this song, and it's number one now!"

Kimye are just like Us in one respect, at least: Like so many other brides and grooms this year, Kim Kardashian and Kanye West danced to 2014's wedding anthem, John Legend's "All of Me." The big difference? John Legend was there himself to serenade the couple inside their wedding reception at Forte di Belvedere in Florence, Italy, May 24, a source confirms to Us Weekly. The very first dance, however, was a wild, Kanye-style mashup of Etta James' "At Last" and Otis Redding's "These Arms of Mine" and "Tenderness" that segued into West rapping for the crowd.

As previously reported, both Mr. and Mrs. West, as well as daughter North, wore custom Givenchy (designed by close pal Riccardo Tisci) for their much-anticipated ceremony and reception. Legend, 35, originally wrote the romantic ballad for his own wife, supermodel Chrissy Teigen, and sang to her during their September 2013 wedding in Lake Como, Italy.
Kimye are having their honeymoon in Ireland 

The couple - known as Kimye - arrived by private jet at Cork Airport at 3pm today and were met by a fleet of Mercedes limousines.

They were whisked off for a five day honeymoon at an undisclosed location.It is believed the couple will holiday at a luxury private estate in Munster.

However, they are also expected to spend at least a day in Dublin - and will tour some of Ireland's most famous tourist attractions.

Super couple Kimye were seen landing in a private jet in Cork Airport on Sunday after their glamorous wedding.

The couple were accompanied by their personal assistants and bodyguards and are expected to remain in Ireland until Friday when they are expected to jet back to the US.

The private jet flew into Cork from Florence where the couple had gotten married on Saturday.

The Kardashian clan suggested holidaying in Monaghan’s Castle Leslie resort last year for their reality TV show, but passed up the idea last-minute for luxury destination Bali.